ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the surgical outcome and predictors of failure of substitution urethroplasty using either dorsal onlay buccal mucosal (BM) graft or ventral onlay penile skin flap (PS) for anterior urethral stricture ≥ 8cm. Patients and methods Between March 2010 and January 2016, 50 patients with anterior urethral stricture ≥ 8 cm were treated at our hospital. The surgical outcome and success rate were assessed. The predictors of failure were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Failure was considered when subsequent urethrotomy or urethroplasty were needed. Results Dorsal onlay BM graft was carried out in 24 patients, while PS urethroplasty in 26 patients. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding patients demographics, stricture characteristics or follow-up period. One case in the BM group was lost during follow-up. Stricture recurrence was detected in 7 (30.4%) patients out of BM group while in 6 (23.1%) patients out of PS group (p value= 0.5). No significant differences between both groups regarding overall early and late complications were observed. Occurrence of early complications and the stricture length were the only predictors of failure in univariate analysis, while in multivariate analysis the occurrence of early complications was only significant. Conclusion On short-term follow-up, both dorsal onlay BM graft and ventral onlay PS flap urethroplasty have similar success rates. However, BM graft has a potential advantage to reduce operative time and is also technically easier. The surgeon should avoid early local complications as they represent a higher risk for failure.

La polilla mayor de la cera, Galleria mellonella, es una plaga importante en la apicultura. Se evaluaron los efectos de cinco materiales naturales encontrados en su dieta bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Todas las dietas afectaron la biología del desarrollo así como la mortalidad, la cual varió significativamente. El panal nuevo de cera (PN) representó la dieta más pobre para las larvas al inducir una prolongada duración de la etapa inmadura, acortar la longevidad de adultos, disminuir la productividad de huevos, retardar la oviposición, alargar la duración total del ciclo de vida y, en general, inducir una mortalidad significativamente mayor. Por el contrario, la alimentación de las larvas con las otras dietas (i.e. panal viejo (PV), panal viejo con polen 10% w/w (PV + P), panal nuevo con polen 10% w / w (PN + P) y polen de abeja recogido (PA), favorecieron el desarrollo y la vitalidad de todas las etapas de desarrollo. Se discute la importancia de estos resultados a la luz de medidas de control.

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is an important pest of beekeeping industry. The effects of five natural diet materials on the developmental biology and mortality of all life stages of the greater wax moth were investigated in a laboratory trial. Effect of all five natural diets on the developmental biology and mortality varied significantly. New wax comb (NW) was found to be the poorest larval diet inducing prolonged immature stage duration, shortening adult moth longevity, decreasing egg productivity, retarding oviposition, prolonging the entire life-cycle duration and causing significantly higher overall life stage mortality. In contrast, feeding larvae on diets of old wax comb (OW), old wax comb containing 10% w/w added pollen (OWP), new wax comb containing 10% w/w added pollen (NWP), and bee-collected pollen (BP), positively affected the development and vitality of all life stages. The significance of these results with respect to the control measures are proposed and discussed.